\r\n The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is a highly contagious zoonosis produced by SARS‐CoV‐2 that is spread human‐to‐human by respiratory secretions. It was declared by the WHO as a public health emergency. The most susceptible populations, needing mechanical ventilation, are the elderly and people with associated comorbidities. There is an important risk of contagion for anesthetists, dentists, head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists and otolaryngologists. Health workers represent between 4.8% to 30% of the infected population; some 15% will develop severe complaints and among them, many will lose their lives. A large number of patients do not have overt signs and symptoms (fever/respiratory), yet pose a real risk to surgeons (who should know this fact and must therefore apply respiratory protective strategies for all patients they encounter). All interventions that have the potential to aerosolize aero digestive secretions should be avoided or used only when mandatory.

\r\n Guidance to save from COVID

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• \r\n WHO interim guidance for laboratory testing
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• \r\n WHO interim guidance for laboratory biosafety related to COVID-19 virus
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• \r\n Molecular assays to diagnose COVID-19 virus
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• \r\n WHO refence laboratories providing confirmatory testing for COVID-19
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• \r\n Guidance for laboratories shipping specimens to WHO reference laboratories that provide confirmatory testing for COVID-19 virus
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• \r\n Laboratory Assessment Tool for laboratories implementing COVID-19 testing
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• \r\n Scientific brief: Advice on the use of point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests for COVID-19
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• \r\n Effect of COVID on Otolaryngology
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• \r\n Aspects of COVID on ENT
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Laryngology is that branch of medicine which deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx. The track of Laryngology will deal with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx. Common conditions addressed by laryngologists include vocal fold nodules and cysts, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papillomas and voice misuse/abuse/overuse syndromes. Some of the most common disease is due to excessive talking, throat clearing, coughing, smoking, screaming, singing, or speaking too loudly or too low. The other division of the tracks deal with the surgical approaches in case of adults and pediatrics. Some of the topics will be focused such as: Head and Neck Surgery, Dysphagia, Total laryngectomy, Surgery for swallowing disorders, Translaser microsurgery for larynx & Tonsillectomy in children.

Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans and affects more than 40 million people worldwide. Over recent years, more than 100 genetic loci have been linked to hearing loss and many of the affected genes have been identified. This understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate auditory function has revealed new targets for pharmacological treatment of the disease. Moreover, approaches that are based on stem cells and gene therapy, which may have the potential to restore or maintain auditory function, are beginning to emerge

Tinnitus the perception of sound in the absence of actual external sound-represents a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a single disease. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Tinnitus, the noise can be intermittent or continuous, and is very loud. Tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss, it does not cause the loss, nor does a hearing loss cause tinnitus. People with tinnitus experience no difficulty hearing, and in a few cases they even become so sensitive to sound that they must take steps to muffle or mask external noises. Prolonged exposure to loud sounds is the most common cause of tinnitus. Up to 90% of people with tinnitus have some level of noise-induced hearing loss. The noise causes permanent damage to the sound-sensitive cells of the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear. A single exposure to a sudden extremely loud noise can also cause tinnitus. This track deals some of the most important topic which includes: Chronic sensorineural tinnitus, Tinnitus from sound exposure, Pharmacological treatment and Behavioral treatment, Electrical stimulation and vascular compression of the auditory nerve.

An ear disease is most often a bacterial or viral infection that affects the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny vibrating bones of the ear. Children are more likely than adults to get ear infections. Ear infections frequently are painful because of inflammation and buildup of fluids in the middle ear. Because ear infections often clear up on their own, treatment may begin with managing pain and monitoring the problem. Ear infection in infants and severe cases in general often require antibiotic medications. Long-term problems related to ear infections — persistent fluids in the middle ear, persistent infections or frequent infections — can cause hearing problems and other serious complications. In this tracks we go through some of the issue related to ear disorder and treatment such as acute external otits, Prechondritis pinna- Cauliflower ear, Congenital malformations- Microtia, Atresia, Otomycosis and Cochlear Implants

The nasal passage and paranasal sinuses (collectively sinonasal) plays host to a number of diseases and conditions. This can be collectively termed sinonasal disease or disorder. Sinusitis affecting children is termed as Pediatric sinusitis. This session discusses Acute and Chronic sinusitis along with clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Sinusitis causes Sinus Headaches and Sinus Infections, the causes and treatment aspects are the major points for discussion. Pediatric Sinusitis can be treated by Sinus surgery. Nasal Irrigation, Antibiotic Therapy and Topical drug delivery are the treatment measures available for Sinusitis. The imaging characteristics of Sinonasal inflammatory conditions are varied. The role of imaging is to identify patterns of disease, provide a roadmap for the endoscopist, identify anatomical variants that impact on drainage, and exclude aggressive pathology. In this track we discuss issue such as Congenital sinonasal disorders, Sinonasal manifestations of systemic disease, Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, Transnasal endoscopic surgery and sinus drainage

ENT Navigation System is an innovative electromagnetic image-guided surgery system. It allows you to operate with the maximum amount of information about the unique anatomy of each patient and “see” the relative location of the instrument tip in the patient’s sinus anatomy. Image-guided surgery with the Fusion system can help make more informed decisions in the operating room for safer, more thorough procedures. The Fusion system provides:

Reliable accuracy: the first and only electromagnetic ENT system with reproducible accuracy comparable to our optical navigation systems.

Ease of use: the first and only electromagnetic system that includes automated instrument verification, reusable instruments, multiple registration modalities, multi-instrument tracking, and customizable surgeon and procedure specific settings.

Expandability: customize your image-guided surgery system with additional procedure modules and associated instruments.

Rhinitis is a condition occurs due to inflammation and irritation of Mucous membrane. The inflammation is caused by the degranulation of mast cells in the nose. Irritation of mucous membrane is caused due to allergens like pollen and dander. Rhinitis can be classified as Allergic Rhinitis and non-Allergic Rhinitis basing on the causative agent. Allergic rhinitis is more common in some countries than others; in the United States, about 10%–30% of adults are affected annually. Fungal and Bacterial Rhinosinusitis is caused due to microorganisms affecting the nasal membranes. Infectious Rhinitis or Rhinosinusitis can be treated by vaccinations while allergic rhinitis can be treated by intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines.

Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining the sinuses. Normally, sinus is filled with air, but when sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection. Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include the common cold, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, or a deviated septum. In children, common environmental factors that contribute to sinusitis include allergies, illness from other children at day care or school, pacifiers, bottle drinking while lying on one's back, and smoke in the environment. In this tracks we will come across topics such as Acute sinusitis, Antimicrobial resistance profiles of ocular and nasal flora, Sinus headaches- Causes and treatment & Pediatric sinusitis

A general ENT physicians treat infections involving the ears, nose, throat, sinuses, and skin of the head and neck; congenital, inflammatory, and other problems, such as dizziness, hearing loss, changes in taste or smell, or swallowing and voice problems; sinus disease; trauma and injuries to head and neck structures; and breathing problems of the nose, larynx (voicebox), or trachea (windpipe); and snoring and sleep disorders

Anatomical and Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Kartagener’s syndrome etc. Sinonasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumors can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, transnasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sinonasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now a days.

Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Kartagener’s syndrome etc. Sinonasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumors can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, transnasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sinonasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now a days.

Current Diagnosis & Treatment Otolaryngology spans the entire breadth of ENT topics, including the latest developments in basic science, facial plastic surgery, head and neck surgery, laryngology, rhinology, pediatric otolaryngology, otology, and neurotology. This find-it-now clinician's guide includes commonly encountered as well as unusual diseases of the head and neck and is essential for board review and recertification.

Neurotology is a branch of otology concerned with those parts of the nervous system related to the ear, especially the inner ear and associated brainstem structures also called Otoneurology. Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss, whereas neurotology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders.  In this section we will discuss about Vestibular neuronitis, Facial nerve paralysis, Hearing loss and deafness, Labyrinthectomy, Vertigo, Perforated eardrum & Neuro Otolaryngology.

The Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery track concentrate on the treatment of patients who have procured, innate and present malignancy abnormalities on the face and neck. Systems extend from negligibly obtrusive strategies to cutting edge operations, The Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery track focus on the treatment of patients who have acquired, congenital and post-cancer irregularities to the face and neck. The goal is to restore natural form and function and enable patients to live as close to normal lives as possible. Techniques range from minimally invasive procedures to advanced operations, using tissue modifications, microvascular free tissue transfer, bone replacement and dynamic facial flaps. Our surgeons can restore movement to paralyzed faces, return skin color and contour to patients with deformities and optimize critical functions such as speech, swallowing and breathing. Some of the topics to be discussed are: Rhinoplasty, Septoplasty, Otoplasty, Complex lacerations and soft tissue damage, Basal Cell Carcinoma and Rhinology Surgery.

With recent advances in technology, including the nasal endoscope, nose or sinus surgery is now commonly performed entirely through the nose, without face or mouth incisions. Today, endoscopic sinus surgery is typically done with minimal nasal packing, mild pain, and short recovery times. Surgical Approaches for Nasal Disorders track discusses topics like Surgical navigation and Intraoperative Imaging, Endoscopic applications in orbital Surgery, Somnoplasty, septoplasty, Ossicular chain reconstruction and Management of superior canal dehiscence.

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide a wide range of services, mainly on an individual basis, but also as support for individuals, families, support groups, and providing information for the general public. Speech-language pathologists work to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, cognitive-communication, and swallowing disorders in children and adults.

Acute pain may occur due to trauma, surgery, infection, disruption of blood circulation, or many other conditions in which tissue injury occurs. In a medical setting, pain alleviation is desired when its warning function is no longer needed. Besides improving patient comfort, pain therapy can also reduce harmful physiological consequences of untreated pain. Children account for approximately one-third of all patients undergoing ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery. Procedures range from simple day-case operations, such as myringotomy, to complex airway reconstruction surgery undertaken in specialist centres. This track describes the anaesthetic management of some of the commonly performed paediatric ENT procedures, including adenotonsillectomy, oesophagoscopy, and middle ear surgery. ENT operations, head and neck surgery (infiltration anesthesia, field blocks, or peripheral nerve blocks, plexus anesthesia)

Intraoperative neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) or intraoperative neuromonitoring is the utilization of electrophysiological techniques, for example, electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and evoked possibilities to screen the useful respectability of certain neural structures (e.g., nerves, spinal string and parts of the cerebrum) amid surgery. The reason for IONM is to lessen the hazard to the patient of iatrogenic harm to the sensory system, as well as to provide functional guidance to the surgeon and anesthesiologist

Hearing loss can be caused by many different causes, some of which can be successfully treated with medicine or surgery, depending on the disease process. There are 3 types of Hearing Loss: Conductive hearing loss, Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), mixed hearing loss. This track will discuss the detail study of causes and treatment of deafness and hearing loss such as Sudden deafness and permanent hearloss, Deaf-Blindness, Stapedectomy, Otological transplants and implants and Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD).  Surgical part of this track will focus on topics Tympanostomy and tympanoplasty, Assistive communication devices- Cochlear Implants, Tinnitus retraining therapy, Treatment of natural sinus ostium. With recent advances in technology, including the nasal endoscope, nose or sinus surgery is now commonly performed entirely through the nose, without face or mouth incisions. Today, endoscopic sinus surgery is typically done with minimal nasal packing, mild pain, and short recovery times.

Otolaryngology is a surgical subspecialty in medical terms that  deals with Conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and related structures of the head and neck. Specialists who represent considerable authority around there are called Otorhinolaryngologist, otolaryngologists, ENT specialists or head and neck specialists. Patients look for treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for infections of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, and for the surgical administration of diseases and benevolent tumors of the head and neck. physicians trained in the medical and surgical management and treatment of patients with diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat (ENT), and related structures of the head and neck. They are commonly referred to as ENT physicians.

It is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx. Common conditions addressed by laryngologists include vocal fold nodules and cysts, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papilloma, and voice misuse/abuse/overuse syndromes.

Rhinology defines as the study of nose, including the sinuses. Rhinology concerns itself with medical and surgical diseases of the nasal passages as well as paranasal sinuses. It is becoming more important after the introduction of nasal endoscopes. Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little or no problem in most people. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis. Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling. Allergies are common.  In the developed world, about 20% of people are affected by allergic rhinitis; about 6% of people have at least one food allergy.

Hearing loss can be caused by many different causes, some of which can be successfully treated with medicine or surgery, depending on the disease process. There are 3 types of Hearing Loss: Conductive hearing loss, Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), mixed hearing loss. This track will discuss the detail study of causes and treatment of deafness and hearing loss such as sudden deafness and permanent hear loss, Deaf-Blindness, Stapedectomy, Otological transplants and implants and Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD).  Surgical part of this track will focus on topics Tympanostomy and tympanoplasty, Assistive communication devices- Cochlear Implants, Tinnitus retraining therapy, Treatment of natural sinus ostium

Pediatrics ENT deals with children having common illnesses such as tonsillitis, sinusitis and ear infections (otitis media) using the latest guidelines for medical treatment and the most advanced techniques for surgical treatment. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology is to concentrate and disseminate information concerning prevention, cure and care of otorhinolaryngology disorders in infants and children due to developmental, degenerative, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, social, psychiatric and economic causes.

Cancers of the mouth (lip and tongue), larynx (voice box), pharynx (throat), salivary glands, and nose/nasal passages are generally known as head and neck cancer and study of this is known as Oncology. These cancers typically form in the squamous cells, which are the cells lining the moistened, mucosal locations of the head and neck, such as the nose, mouth and throat. Such squamous cell cancers are usually termed, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma. Head and Neck Oncology  encompasses all aspects of clinical practice, basic and translational research on the aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, assessment, management, follow-up and prognosis of patients with head and neck tumors and carotid body tumor. The Head and Neck Surgery track will provides the details of advanced diagnostic testing and leading-edge medical and surgical treatment for the full scope of head and neck conditions. Head and neck cancer is strongly associated with certain environmental and lifestyle risk factors, including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, UV light, particular chemicals used in certain workplaces, and certain strains of viruses, such as human papillomavirus. These cancers are frequently aggressive in their biologic behavior; patients with these types of cancer are at a higher risk of developing another cancer in the head and neck area. Head and neck cancer is highly curable if detected early, usually through surgery, but radiation therapy may also play an important role, while chemotherapy is often ineffective. This track discusses about Squamous cell carcinoma, Oral Epidemiology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer viruses, Carotid body tumor and HNS Oncology.

In the last 20 years, neonatal survival has progressively increased due to the constant amelioration of neonatal medical treatment and surgical techniques. These aspects have produced an increased incidence of children with congenital malformations and severe chronic pathologies. Moreover, the immigration of children from underdeveloped countries, where perinatal infections or other risk factors are still high, have further increased the number of paediatric patients who need rehabilitative care. It is worth noting that among over 50,000 scientific papers in the literature regarding paediatric rehabilitation, only about 1000 are related to ENT arguments. Thus, rehabilitation of paediatric patients with disorders of voice, speech and language, communication and hearing, deglutition and breathing is generally still inadequate to the real needs and rarely is well organised with multidisciplinary teams, working both in the hospital setting and in long-term care facilities. The aim of this track for study of presents some new trends in ENT.