8^th European Otolaryngology-ENT Surgery Conference December 05-06, 2022 Rome, Italy

It is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx. Common conditions addressed by laryngologists include vocal fold nodules and cysts, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papilloma, and voice misuse/abuse/overuse syndromes.

Otolaryngology is a surgical subspecialty in medical terms that  deals with Conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and related structures of the head and neck. Specialists who represent considerable authority around there are called Otorhinolaryngologist, otolaryngologists, ENT specialists or head and neck specialists.

Hearing loss can be caused by many different causes, some of which can be successfully treated with medicine or surgery, depending on the disease process. There are 3 types of Hearing Loss: Conductive hearing loss, Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), mixed hearing loss. This track will discuss the detail study of causes and treatment of deafness and hearing loss such as Sudden deafness and permanent hearloss, Deaf-Blindness, Stapedectomy, Otological transplants and implants and Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD).

Intraoperative neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM) or intraoperative neuromonitoring is the utilization of electrophysiological techniques, for example, electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and evoked possibilities to screen the useful respectability of certain neural structures (e.g., nerves, spinal string and parts of the cerebrum) amid surgery. The reason for IONM is to lessen the hazard to the patient of iatrogenic harm to the sensory system, as well as to provide functional guidance to the surgeon and anesthesiologist.

Acute pain may occur due to trauma, surgery, infection, disruption of blood circulation, or many other conditions in which tissue injury occurs. In a medical setting, pain alleviation is desired when its warning function is no longer needed. Besides improving patient comfort, pain therapy can also reduce harmful physiological consequences of untreated pain. Children account for approximately one-third of all patients undergoing ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery.

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide a wide range of services, mainly on an individual basis, but also as support for individuals, families, support groups, and providing information for the general public. Speech-language pathologists work to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, cognitive-communication, and swallowing disorders in children and adults.

With recent advances in technology, including the nasal endoscope, nose or sinus surgery is now commonly performed entirely through the nose, without face or mouth incisions. Today, endoscopic sinus surgery is typically done with minimal nasal packing, mild pain, and short recovery times. Surgical Approaches for Nasal Disorders track discusses topics like Surgical navigation and Intraoperative Imaging, Endoscopic applications in orbital Surgery, Somnoplasty, septoplasty, Ossicular chain reconstruction and Management of superior canal dehiscence.

The Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery track concentrate on the treatment of patients who have procured, innate and present malignancy abnormalities on the face and neck. Systems extend from negligibly obtrusive strategies to cutting edge operations, The Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery track focus on the treatment of patients who have acquired, congenital and post-cancer irregularities to the face and neck. 

Most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by complete or partial obstructions of the upper airway. It is characterized by repetitive episodes of shallow or paused breathing during sleep, despite the effort to breathe, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep. 

Current Diagnosis & Treatment Otolaryngology spans the entire breadth of ENT topics, including the latest developments in basic science, facial plastic surgery, head and neck surgery, laryngology, rhinology, pediatric otolaryngology, otology, and neurotology. This find-it-now clinician's guide includes commonly encountered as well as unusual diseases of the head and neck and is essential for board review and recertification.

Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Kartagener’s syndrome etc. Sinonasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumors can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, transnasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sinonasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now a day.

Anatomical and Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Kartagener’s syndrome etc. Sinonasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumors can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, transnasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sinonasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now days.

A general ENT physicians treat infections involving the ears, nose, throat, sinuses, and skin of the head and neck; congenital, inflammatory, and other problems, such as dizziness, hearing loss, changes in taste or smell, or swallowing and voice problems; sinus disease; trauma and injuries to head and neck structures; and breathing problems of the nose, larynx (voicebox), or trachea (windpipe); and snoring and sleep disorders.

A general ENT physicians treat infections involving the ears, nose, throat, sinuses, and skin of the head and neck; congenital, inflammatory, and other problems, such as dizziness, hearing loss, changes in taste or smell, or swallowing and voice problems; sinus disease; trauma and injuries to head and neck structures; and breathing problems of the nose, larynx (voicebox), or trachea (windpipe); and snoring and sleep disorders.

Rhinitis is a condition occurs due to inflammation and irritation of Mucous membrane. The inflammation is caused by the degranulation of mast cells in the nose. Irritation of mucous membrane is caused due to allergens like pollen and dander. 

ENT Navigation System is an innovative electromagnetic image-guided surgery system. It allows you to operate with the maximum amount of information about the unique anatomy of each patient and “see” the relative location of the instrument tip in the patient’s sinus anatomy. Image-guided surgery with the Fusion system can help make more informed decisions in the operating room for safer, more thorough procedures

The nasal passage and paranasal sinuses (collectively sinonasal) plays host to a number of diseases and conditions. This can be collectively termed sinonasal disease or disorder. Sinusitis affecting children is termed as Pediatric sinusitis. This session discusses Acute and Chronic sinusitis along with clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.

An ear disease is most often a bacterial or viral infection that affects the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny vibrating bones of the ear. Children are more likely than adults to get ear infections. Ear infections frequently are painful because of inflammation and buildup of fluids in the middle ear.

Tinnitus the perception of sound in the absence of actual external sound-represents a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a single disease. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Tinnitus, the noise can be intermittent or continuous, and is very loud. Tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss, it does not cause the loss, nor does a hearing loss cause tinnitus. 

Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans and affects more than 40 million people worldwide. Over recent years, more than 100 genetic loci have been linked to hearing loss and many of the affected genes have been identified. This understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate auditory function has revealed new targets for pharmacological treatment of the disease. Moreover, approaches that are based on stem cells and gene therapy, which may have the potential to restore or maintain auditory function, are beginning to emerge.

Laryngology is that branch of medicine which deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx. The track of Laryngology will deal with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx. Common conditions addressed by laryngologists include vocal fold nodules and cysts, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papillomas and voice misuse/abuse/overuse syndromes. Some of the most common disease is due to excessive talking, throat clearing, coughing, smoking, screaming, singing, or speaking too loudly or too low. The other division of the tracks deal with the surgical approaches in case of adults and pediatrics. Some of the topics will be focused such as: Head and Neck Surgery, Dysphagia, Total laryngectomy, Surgery for swallowing disorders, Translaser microsurgery for larynx & Tonsillectomy in children.

Neurotology is a branch of otology concerned with those parts of the nervous system related to the ear, especially the inner ear and associated brainstem structures also called Otoneurology. Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss, whereas neurotology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders.  In this section we will discuss about Vestibular neuronitis, Facial nerve paralysis, Hearing loss and deafness, Labyrinthectomy, Vertigo, Perforated eardrum & Neuro Otolaryngology.

In the last 20 years, neonatal survival has progressively increased due to the constant amelioration of neonatal medical treatment and surgical techniques. These aspects have produced an increased incidence of children with congenital malformations and severe chronic pathologies. Moreover, the immigration of children from underdeveloped countries, where perinatal infections or other risk factors are still high, have further increased the number of paediatric patients who need rehabilitative care.

Cancers of the mouth (lip and tongue), larynx (voice box), pharynx (throat), salivary glands, and nose/nasal passages are generally known as head and neck cancer and study of this is known as Oncology. These cancers typically form in the squamous cells, which are the cells lining the moistened, mucosal locations of the head and neck, such as the nose, mouth and throat. Such squamous cell cancers are usually termed, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma.

Pediatrics ENT deals with children having common illnesses such as tonsillitis, sinusitis and ear infections (otitis media) using the latest guidelines for medical treatment and the most advanced techniques for surgical treatment. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology is to concentrate and disseminate information concerning prevention, cure and care of otorhinolaryngology disorders in infants and children due to developmental, degenerative, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, social, psychiatric and economic causes.

Hearing loss can be caused by many different causes, some of which can be successfully treated with medicine or surgery, depending on the disease process. There are 3 types of Hearing Loss: Conductive hearing loss, Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), mixed hearing loss. This track will discuss the detail study of causes and treatment of deafness and hearing loss such as sudden deafness and permanent hear loss, Deaf-Blindness, Stapedectomy, Otological transplants and implants and Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD).  Surgical part of this track will focus on topics Tympanostomy and tympanoplasty, Assistive communication devices- Cochlear Implants, Tinnitus retraining therapy, Treatment of natural sinus ostium