11^th European Otolaryngology-ENT Surgery Conference

Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis - Types and Treatment

Rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are prevalent inflammatory conditions affecting the nasal passages and sinuses, respectively. Rhinitis refers to the inflammation of the nasal mucosa, commonly triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, leading to symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, itching, and watery discharge. It can be classified into allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and non-allergic rhinitis, with the former being more common and typically seasonal or perennial in nature. Non-allergic rhinitis may result from irritants like smoke, strong odors, changes in temperature, or hormonal factors. Diagnosis involves patient history, physical examination, and sometimes allergen testing to identify specific triggers. Treatment often includes allergen avoidance, antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, and in severe cases, allergen immunotherapy, Rhinosinusitis, on the other hand, involves inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, often due to infection or allergy-related inflammation obstructing sinus drainage. It presents with symptoms such as facial pain or pressure, nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, and reduced sense of smell. Acute rhinosinusitis typically resolves within a few weeks and may be managed with nasal decongestants, saline irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes antibiotics if bacterial infection is suspected. Chronic rhinosinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and may require prolonged treatment with nasal corticosteroids, antibiotics, and possibly surgery to improve sinus drainage. The management of both conditions aims not only to alleviate symptoms but also to prevent complications such as sinus infections or exacerbation of asthma in allergic individuals, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment approaches based on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms.